天声人语 2011年1月17日 纪念阪神大地震

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時事川柳を育てた一人に小説家の野村胡堂（こどう）がいる。明治末、当時の報知新聞に入り、社会部長時代に賞金つきの川柳欄を設けた。自ら選者を務めた胡堂が後に、「不朽の名作」と挙げたのが〈するが町広重の見た富士が見え〉だ▼駿河（するが）町とは今の東京・日本橋、三越かいわいで、江戸の昔は富士見の名所だった。関東大震災で高楼が軒並み崩れ落ち、同じ場所から、６７年前に広重が描いた通りの霊峰が望める。そんな放心の句は、焼け野原と化した都の姿を１７音に刻んだ▼１６年前のきょう、神戸あたりのスカイラインも一変した。大揺れの後の薄明に浮かんだのは、全壊１０万余棟のゆがんだ街だった。幾筋もの煙を上げる屋根の下で、六千数百の命が尽きた。悲しい記憶を塗り込めるように、がらりと趣を変えた街区も多い▼阪神大震災の被災地の区画整理がようやく完了するという。甲子園球場６６個分の土地に道が引き直され、生まれ育った一角を公園にされた人もいる。子や孫に安全な街をという願いが、反発を包み込んだ▼震災翌年の秋、神戸で催した読者との集いを思い出す。出演してくれた地元の川柳作家、故時実新子（ときざね・しんこ）さんは、あの朝、机を亀のように背負って絞り出した一句を改めて詠んだ。〈平成七年一月十七日　裂ける〉▼すさまじい体験ほど伝えるのが難しい。「裂けた心」は、たやすく字や声になるものではなかろう。片や震災を知らぬ世代の先頭はもう高校生だ。景色や住人は移ろい、あの惨状と、整然たる支え合いを語り継ぐ意思が、年を追って大切になる。

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小说家野村胡堂以一人之力开创了时事川柳这一专栏。明治时代末期，他进入了当时的报知新闻报社，担任社会部长的时候设立了有奖金的川柳专栏。他亲自担任审稿人，被他誉为“不朽名句”的川柳：“骏河小镇上，歌川広重曾所见，富士山美景”。▼骏河镇是指今天东京、日本桥、三越一带，在过去的江户时代是著名的观赏富士山之地。1923年关东大地震发生后，当地林立的高楼纷纷倒塌，于是果然如67年前的浮世绘画师歌川広重所画出的那样，在这相同的地方望见了灵秀的富士山。这句川柳，把大地震后一片废墟的场景镌刻在了这17个假名里。▼16年前的今天，神户一带的天际线也发生了巨变。强烈地震之后的黎明中浮现出现的是，10万栋以上房屋被完全震毁的扭曲的街道惨景。黑烟滚滚的残瓦断垣下，埋葬了6千多人的生命。好像是刻意为了掩盖住这令人悲痛的回忆，地震中被毁的很多街区重建后风貌被完全改变。▼据称阪神大地震灾区的区域再规划蓝图终于完成了。区域重建的区域街道规划面积相当于66个甲子园大小，一些人出生成长的地方被改建成了公园。为了实现让子孙后代能有一个安全街道环境的美好愿望，规划方案的反对者们最终还是妥协了。▼我想起了地震发生后的第二年秋天在神户举办的本报读者集会活动。当地的一位川柳作家，已故的时实新子女士也参加了此次活动。她为大家朗诵了大地震当天清晨，她那天早晨如乌龟般缩在桌子底写下的一句川柳“平成七年初，一月十七日清晨，天崩俱地裂。”▼经历的事情越是可怕，就越难把它再如实地表达出来。“心神俱裂”般的痛苦并非是能够轻易描述的东西。另一方面，对阪神大地震一无所知的新一代孩子们，年龄最大的已经是高中生了。世事虽然不断变迁，随着时光的流逝，把震灾的惨状和当时的互扶互助一直铭记流传下去，就尤为重要。

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   Novelist Kodo Nomura (1882-1963) helped legitimize "jiji senryu" (senryu that deals with current events) as a literary genre. Nomura joined the Hochi Shimbun newspaper toward the end of the Meiji Era (1868-1912). After he became editor of the paper's city news department, Nomura started a senryu section where readers were invited to send in their pieces and compete for prize money. Nomura himself was one of the judges. Here's what Nomura later lauded as "the all-time masterpiece": "Mount Fuji as seen by Hiroshige/ Can now be seen from Suruga-cho."
   Suruga-cho, which is in present-day Nihonbashi, in central Tokyo, was renowned during the Edo Period (1603-1868) as one of the best spots for viewing Mount Fuji. And when the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 razed all tall buildings in the neighborhood, the majestic mountain revealed itself in its full splendor, just as the ukiyo-e artist Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858) had portrayed it 67 years before. The senryu captured the sense of disbelief that many Tokyoites must have felt as they saw their city reduced to smouldering rubble.
On Jan. 17, 1995, the skyline collapsed on the city of Kobe. After violent tremors subsided, what emerged in the bleak light of dawn was an entirely different city with more than 100,000 buildings destroyed. Columns of smoke rose from the rubble, under which more than 6,000 people perished. As if to bury all painful memories of 16 years ago, many neighborhoods of Kobe have since undergone drastic transformation.
   The city is said to be about to finalize its blueprint for post-quake rezoning and redevelopment. An entirely new street map has been drawn for an area that is 66 times the size of Koshien Stadium. For some people, this means seeing a part of their neighborhood, where they have lived all their lives, transformed into a public park. These people initially opposed the plan, but they eventually agreed in the belief that the safety of their children and grandchildren must come first.
   I recall an event organized in Kobe in autumn 1996 for readers of the vernacular Asahi Shimbun. The late Shinko Tokizane (1929-2007), a senryu poet and a local resident who attended the event, read a piece she penned on the morning of the Great Hanshin Earthquake while she remained huddled like a tortoise under her desk. It went: "Torn to pieces/ Jan. 17, the seventh year of Heisei."
   The more terrifying the experience, the harder it is to recount it to anyone. One cannot readily verbalize one's feelings when one's heart has "gone to pieces." But the oldest of Kobe's youngsters who were born after the quake will start senior high school soon. As the city keeps changing its appearance and its residents continue to move out, it becomes increasingly important with each passing year to ensure that the spirit of mutual help, which filled the city in the immediate aftermath of the disaster, will always be remembered and retold.

abyssthinice

一、
時事川柳を育てた一人に小説家の野村胡堂（こどう）がいる。

对开创时事川柳，小说家野村胡堂与有力焉。

（小说家野村胡堂是开创时事川柳的众人中的一个。）

这里说的似并非后文的专栏。:)



二、
駿河（するが）町とは今の東京・日本橋、三越かいわいで、

骏河镇是指今天东京的日本桥、三越一带，