天声人语 20110803 财政收入这块大饼

zdenny0001

▼ユーロ安が進んだ昨秋、近所の宅配ピザ店が「円高還元」のチラシを配った。「イタリア直輸入」のトマトソースやチーズに差益が生じたという。値下げを知らせるついでに本場の味を自慢するあたり、なかなかの宣伝上手だ。
  去年秋季时欧元不断贬值，家附近的批萨外卖店派发“日元升值优惠活动”的广告宣传单，称因为日元升值，从意大利进口的番茄沙司和芝士价格都相对便宜了。这一招既告诉大家店家要降价促销，又宣传了原材料的货真价实，相当的高明。
▼この超円高、外国と商う企業は一喜一憂の日々だろう。円高１円につき年に数百億円を失う大企業でなくても、輸出業者は頭を抱える。他方、海外旅行者はショッピングリストを書き足し、ピザ屋は次なる宣伝を考える。
  日元的大幅升值，对涉及进出口贸易的企业来说真是悲喜交加。就算不是汇率每升值1日元年损失额就高达数百亿日元的大公司，对出口企业来说总是件很头疼的事。而计划去国外旅游的人则把自己的购物清单添了又加，批萨店么就想出以上的促销招数。
▼円相場は一時、震災直後につけた１ドル＝７６円２５銭の最高値に迫った。米国債はデフォルト、すなわち国家破産の危機をひとまず抜けたものの、格下げの懸念が消えない。足元の景気も心もとない。
  日元外汇市场最近一度逼近地震后的最高纪录1美元兑换76.25日元。美国虽通过提高外债上限暂时摆脱了国家信用破产的危机，但信用等级依然可能被下调。日本本国的经济也不太景气。
▼震災にもかかわらず円が買われるのは、ドルやユーロとの「弱さ比べ」の結果だという。日本には千兆円を超す個人金融資産があり、消費税率もまだ低い。とはいえ、国と地方を合わせた借金は９００兆円に近づき、いずれ「自己資金」で賄えなくなる。
  虽然日本发生了大地震，与美元、欧元的走低相比日元相对坚挺，还是有人大量购进。日本的个人金融资产总额超过千兆亿日元，消费税率也相对较低。虽说如此，国家和地方的外债总和也接近900兆日元，终有一天“本金投资”将无钱可用。
▼米国では茶会（ティーパーティー）と称する共和党の強硬派が、国債の増発に最後まで抵抗した。小さな政府を求め、増税にも反対する彼らは、来年の大統領選でひと波乱起こす勢いらしい。
  美国的共和党强硬派“茶党”（TeaParty），对增发国债始终持否定态度。这股新兴的政治力量追求政府小型化，反对增加税负，势必在明年举行的美国总统选举中掀起波澜。
▼円高は「国家の信用力」を考える良い機会かもしれない。震災でかすんだが、わが国の財政改革に残された時間もそうない。少子化で縮む歳入のピザをどう分け合うか。茶会的な極論が台頭する前に、増税と歳出減でバランスよく痛みを分け合いたい。
  日本升值时期可能也是思考“国家信用”的好机会。地震灾害的发生一度打乱了国家财政改革的步伐，不过留给日本改革财政状况的时间并不充裕了。青少年人口减少导致日本政府的财政收入也逐渐缩减，该如何分割这块越来越小的批萨饼呢？趁日本还未出现美国茶党般的极端强势论调，应该好好平衡一下增加税负和财政收入减少这对矛盾。

zdenny0001

VOX POPULI: Strong yen forces us to think about 'national creditworthiness'   
     Last fall, as the euro depreciated, a pizza delivery service in my neighborhood distributed fliers advertising it was passing on the benefits of the strong yen to customers. According to the flier, tomato sauce and cheese imported directly from Italy cost less, resulting in marginal gains. While informing consumers of price cuts, it boasted it was serving "the real thing." How clever.
     Companies doing business abroad must be fretting over the ultra-strong yen. Exporters, not to mention corporations that lose tens of billions of yen when the Japanese currency rises by a single yen, must be tearing their hair out over the trend. Meanwhile, travelers going overseas are adding items to their shopping lists, and pizza joints are thinking about their next advertising campaigns.
     At one point, the dollar-yen exchange rate came close to 76.25 yen, an all-time high recorded immediately after the Great East Japan Earthquake struck. The United States somehow managed to tide over the crisis of national bankruptcy and avoided an unprecedented debt default. However, there are still fears that it could face a lower credit rating. The U.S. economy remains shaky.
     According to experts, despite the March 11 disaster, investors are buying yen because it is "less weak" than the dollar and the euro. Japan has more than 1,000 trillion yen in personal financial assets. Also, its consumption tax rate is still low. Be that as it may, the central and local governments have combined debts of nearly 900 trillion yen. Eventually, they will not be able to repay those debts with their own resources.
     In the United States, Republican hard-liners promoting the Tea Party movement objected to the issuance of more government bonds right to the bitter end. I hear that Tea Party activists, who champion smaller government and oppose tax increases, are gaining so much ground that they may cause a stir in next year's U.S. presidential election.
      A strong yen may provide us with a good opportunity to ponder "national creditworthiness." Although the March 11 earthquake pushed Japan's financial woes to the side, there is little time left for the government to carry out fiscal reform. How can we share the shrinking "pizza" of revenues that continues to shrink with a declining birthrate? Before Tea Party-like extreme views gain currency, I hope the pain of increasing taxes and cutting spending will be shared in a balanced way.

-- The Asahi Shimbun, Aug. 3

zdenny0001

是啊，一夜之间大伙似乎都销声匿迹了……这是为神马？

nanakocong

佩服佩服！天声人语有时候有点晦涩。