经济

湖泊

ECONOMIC MODE IN WENZHOU 1.A spontaneous order ① The historical confirmation of spontaneous order   The wenzhou ecinomy is spontaneous , also is stable , sustainable development economic order . In the past , there are two kind positions , one thought that may design a transformation social blueprint , the social product and the assignment will be any appearance , the culture is any appearance in the future . all that can design extremely in the blueprint : Another king of position thought that it is possible to point out the social development and the basic rule . but they diden't advocate to do that it is very concrete . they hope the populace can leave free for their own benefit struggle , increase the social welfare with joint forces and form the spontaneous expansion order . The history had proven that , in the social development domain , the blunprint and reality can have a great distance actually . Designs in advance concretely is moredifficult to conform to the reality , finally sinks into the fantasy .for example in the past once had the fantastic socialism , they have not successed . The result is replaced by marx's materialistic conception of history , is the society becomes the science by the fantasy . For all this , social enterprise is all in practicing people often make mistake due to the limit of information . For instace that , we once requested the social uniform public ownership system and the only distribution according to work form coexist . This kind of demand did not conform to china socialism initial stage situation , the result after has implemented for 20 years , had to carry on the reform .   The history indicated that under the spontaneous order , appears forerunner's practice model , has the induction . Then consummates unceasingly , forms the new system . This is the general rule .   The wenzhou economy is an experiment . In century of 50's , the YongJia county farmer contracted production spontaneously , it obtained the support by the committee . There are thousands of villages imitate in wenzhou area , but unexpectedly encounters the setback , but the people is not resigned , they continue the contracted production , and direct this king of spontaneous mechanism to the city in . ② spontaneously formed Wenzhou economy   Zhe Jiang's land is very few , but the population are big , the people is very early to the outside areas management . After founding of the nation , egresses is restricted , they only can own seek the employment opportunity , they started to engage in the small commodity production . Snch as the clothing the electric appliance , the eyeglasses , and so on . ''The small commodity big market '' has attracted more and more investors After reform and open policy many private enterprises have obtained a big development , they have formed big community . It's characteristic is one kind is higher than the individual economy foundation the spontaneous economic order . This order starts form YongJia's agriculture to develop to the wenzhou entire boundary . ③ simplify the effect of local government's function wenzhou's most worth is that the local's government's function simplification The government can't interfere directly the microscopic econmical and the daily management , they all use for the main energy to improve the macroscopic environment . Implements the society to supervise legally , establishes the public utility , provides the public service , perfect tax revenue system , substantial fiscal solvency and soon . 2.the effect of collective townlization ① the formation of collective townlization   The commodity production is must have the cost , one kind of cost is called the transaction cost . Theoretically , as long as is the open market economy , the transaction cost is zero . But there is not open market economy in the world . In fact , the market economy always exists attrition . The people exchanged the commodity for each other , In order to avoid the fair competition coordinate each other behavior , they must formu late the game rule , then carried on the discussion , hold a meeting to discuss and make arrangements . These are needed times . In other words must pay the transaction cost . But implementing economic accounting must save the transaction cost . for this aspect , the people in wenzhou is first synthesized individual economy into many kinds of the unified body , such as stock system , joint adventure and so on . Unified body appearance , on the one hand manifested the productive forces development to cause the productive relations socialization on the other hand , also manifested '' save '' .   In past, there was a popular practice, that was called “Zhadui”,which means the businessmen who in the same trade, found a place to do business.It was convenience for their customers. The famous button market was started from these places and it can bring other villages and theother trade, and as a manufacturing industry. Then ,it can expand spontaneously to be a urban town.Longgang is an example. Wenzhou has 144 urban town, comparing with 18 originally and are 40% people in urban town, 10 percentage more compared to30%of the national average percentage. ② the function of the relatioship of collective townlization ,industrialize and socialization   The important of the small cities is not only displayed in '' small '' ,but also it is pitch point of the urban network , as the network architecture , the city developed a new interpersonal relationship different from the countryside , for joiner is advantageous in obtaining certain own deficient element of production , they can easily compare to manage production and service . The farme joined is quickly changed farmer's status . The second industy entered the cities . it can use service industry together to reduce the cost and develop the market . Urban enterprises are distributed in countryside. It is not good for ervice industry’ development, because it is impossible that set up the Accounting Institute, Lawyer Institute , other transportation , communicating organizations. If the enterprises set up these organizations, it would add their cost. That’s why they gathered in urban town, it was convenience for buying and collecting information for their producing division of labor, and it also can use the internet to issue information to gain the society’s confirm with their contribution and cooperation with other institutes.   Only depends on the family division of labor ,the economy is very difficult to fully develop . The cities can promote the production socizlization , but the socialization of produces can primote the productive relations . The cities , the industrialization , the socialization is mang kinds of performance , is the essential condition for wenzhou economy makes the progress . ③ popularize Wenzhou collective townlization   Along with the commodity economy development , produces to the peripheral radiation effect , thus keads the periphery village economy , realizes the city and countryside integration . wenzhou now has more than 1 million people in the nation , more than 300000 people in overseas , has created large network . It managed the enterprise for the people in the foreign land to provide many conveniences . The same person , who leaves the benefit and opportunity which the network can lose all should have , this also responded that the network has the powerful cohesive force . 3. Mixed type economy : Structure and function   The wenzhou economy force is the small and mediumsized enterprise . they already occupied the biggest share in whole city of GDP . When the industrial revolution emerges , the people all said '' what the enterprise is big is good " , today the information revolution emerges should say '' small is also good '' , the small make the material work and the economical decision in together , favors sprouts the innovative ideology . But innovates mechanison approach to the production unit , favors enhances the technology , the renewal speed , strives for the market to take the initiative . In wenzhou 500000 dallars may manage a small business , and develop the small and medium - sized can provide opportunity for the re-employment and reduce the employment pressure , favor the govermment to speed up the establishment social security system .   The big enterprise also is essential , because it has the economies of seale benefit . Wenzhou has also developed one loatch of privately operated big enterprises . In view of the fact that domestic big enterprise custom many , is difficult to change , wenzhou in order to change these weakness , is exploring the establishment modern enterprise the new way . Wenzhou's rural enterprise's stlll maintained the stable growth . 4. coexistent manifold way of management ① the wenzhou economy is the privately operated economy   Wenzhou economy is the general populace;s economy . At present , the who city has 220000 individual engageds in commerce , the non-public ownership system enterprise has 130000 , Enterprises take 98.8% of the total amount of wenzhou’s industry corporations.And Their production values cover 96% These enterprises also give great contribution to the government’s financial income ,70% of the tax are from them.The income from these enterprises doing exportation takes up 95% more than the total amount.These enterprises employ about 80 %of all the workers .As private economy’s flexible system,they play an important role in the stage of wenzhou ‘ economy. ② Wenzhou economy is assembly economy   　 The economic in Wenzhou is aggregative economic. In Wenzhou, a village or several nearby villages will become a small produce and sale base of one or one species products. A city or several nearby cities will become a large produce and sale base of one or one species products For example, Liuzhou of Yue Qing City is the biggest low-pressure machine produce and sales base in our country. The sales quantity occupies one third of the whole country. Qiaotou village of Yongjia City is regarded as the No.1 button market in Asian. And Xiaojiang village of Pingyang City is regarded as Chinese plastic weaving city. The shoes and leather, clothes, and lighter in downtown is become a large industry group. The region aggregative economic of Wenzhou base on its industry system of social dividing and professional cooperation becomes a group scale company in Wenzhou and also it centralizes the production element of technical, capital etc and brand advantage. This advantage finally incarnates the advantage of cost, price and competition that will make the region economic of wenzhou not only has the “small” energy, but also the “ large” strength. ③ Wenzhou economy is the light industry economy   In wenzhou's economical development , the light industry holds important status . The light industry already becomes to develop quickly in wenzhou , the distribution is broadest , absorption labor force most industries . At present , the wenzhou industry in the production scale , the product quality , the necessary system , the technical content , the brand image , in the marketing network all occupies the national front row . The nation has more than 100 kind of light industries products , wenzhou has more than 50 kinds . The whole city has 7 chinese famous trademark , 15 china famous brand goods , 52 national exempting from inspection product . ④ Wenzhou economy is "two tops are outside" economy   The use mineral resource of wenzhou is extremely few , wenzhou enterprise oneself also dosen't have many people and technology , but the people can create spirit to do in a big way '' is fabricated '' . In wenzhou's flood peak town , Guo Xi city doesn't have the animal husbandry , has become the national biggest pig leather actually , the cow leather production base . Wenzhou 's enterprise have not produced the technology on the flowered large amount of money to others purchase , or the large sum of money asks others to help the development . Wenzhou's enterprise do not have the talented person , by any means possible gathers the talented person to each place . ⑤Wenzhou economy is "get out" economy   Statistics have indicated , the people in wenzhou organized more than 30000 enterprises in each place , the accumulation investment cost ultra 100 billion yuan , the year gross value of industrial output ultra 100 billion yuan , creates more than 60 billion yuan GDP , it is equal 60% GDP in wenzhou . Not only has sold over a thousand hundred million products of wenzhou , but also promptly fed back each kind of information , the frame got up wenzhou and the domestic and foreign cooperations bridge , has led the wenzhou native place economy development . At the same time , the people in through accumulated the abundant fand in the different place development for wenzhou .   Foreign exchange promote the development of Wenzhou's economy.Ruian is a city which famous for the large amout of emigrants.There are more than 0.1 million emigrants that make a lot of foreign exchanges. Although there are so much foreign exchanges in Ruian, the most of the money are just put in the bank as a storage. According to the statistics by Ruian Branch China Bank, the personal foreign exchange savings reached to 0.158 billion at the end of Oct.2004.The opening of the Ruian Foreign Exchange Centere xchange take the quick foreign exchange business in effect that immediately pupulared in the Ruianees who are in strong investment skills. It is said that the super short line operation is not only the biggest characteristics but also the main reason of the large amount foreign exchange trade.At present,this city opened eight different foreign currency for foreign exchange trade.Because the exchange rate fluctuate frequently,major small purchasers traded very frequent.Every fund between all kinds of monetary sorts trade come and back.This kind of deal will be traded many times in a day.Foreign currency involved in foreign exchange accounts for about 20% of the city's total foreign currency deposit.$30million capital funds have speculated a transaction volume of more than $2 billion. 5. the new drive of economy development is innovation   The innovation is the power of development . Taken the technical innovation as the power to adjust the wenzhou industry level , and promote the traditional industry and the cultivation new product industry as the core . Walk the new industrialization path as the wenzhou's characteristic . Futher enhance the overall level of wenzhou industry development . The wenzhou privately operated enterprise is continuing to promote own production business capacity , the technical innovation ability and the market competition ability . ① reform and promote traditional industry     Wenzhou is a city with intensive traditional industries, low developing starting, distinct economic-zones, eg. low voltage electric appliances in Yueqing; automobile and motorbike parts of Rui'an; plastic woven   in Pingyang; bump and valve , shoes and clothes, button and zipper of Yongjia. With the increasing development of technology and the buyers' market available, a company shall produce creative products to promote its competition abilities. Under the fierce competition, Huafeng Co. introduces into producing project ,which has very good industry chain in Wenzhou. Huafeng Co. has become the largest producing base in China through its improvments to the project. Technology improvment has consolidated Wenzhou's crafts update, products creativity and technology development in private technology industries. In technology improvment, industries have introduced sorts of advanced equipments, leading a new step to the city's printing industry. Zhejiang Dajiangnan plastic Co.ltd., the charger of the city's largest technology improvment project, has invested 0.18 billion introducing into first-leveled developing line,promoting the development of the plastic colour-printing and colour soft     . ② Introduction technology and talented person .   The wenzhou enterprise has the power which the technology innovates , but lack the independent innovation ability , there fore introducted of talent , the purchase , the request development , the cooperation development , union orgination engineering research development organization and union way and so on science and technology entity , positively advances the technical innovation , promotion product scale , enhancement product international competive power , like the financial equipment industry , through introduced the talented person and the technology from 1989 , introduced the talented person and the technology unceasingly , carries on the innovation . Now more than 60 enterprises had to from the research development , the production necessary promoted production management system . And the continution and the university , the scientific research institution establishment cooperation relations , have developed until now has developed more than 20 series , more than 100 varieties products , and have obtained more than 90 patents . In the talented person aspect , the high salary invitation quality talented person is the wenzhou privately operated enterprise most commonly used method . Carries on the beneficial exploration in the control system , enable the talented person to have one kind of intense sense of beloging , then stimulated technical personnel's activity . ③ Take off a limit to look for a development   Under the globalization condition , certain multinational corporations already were difficult to say was which national company , '' some company made '' has even substituted for '' some country manufacture '' for human's feeling . therefore , the similar peaceful such company has researched and develop the center bof gravity is located in shang hai , will process the assembly the center of gravity to keep in wenzhou . So long as is advantageous to company's development , wenzhou gives the vigorously support .   The innovation is a power , not merely refers to the technical innovation , but also has the system innovation . Government function further reforming and the government management system further reform , is only a important content . Any market economy , the government all is playing the vital role .   The innovation is a soul which a nationality progresses , is a country prosperous power , also is a political vitality to preserve forever . It can be said that , since the reform and open policy , the wenzhou economy development history is a process which innovates unceasingly , is a key to open the pront door for wenzhou's development . Wenzhou continues the power to go forward unceasingly to lie in the innovation , the future develop of wenzhou is also surely will lie in the innovation only innovates unceasingly , can grasp the new historical opportunity , meets the new challenge well .