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海盗的起源与发展简史

已有 367 次阅读2009-4-15 14:05 |

简介

索马里海盗的突然猖獗,使海盗的话题再度热闹起来,咱也来凑个热闹,呵呵。

 

 

    在各种关于大海的故事中,总是离不开海盗的真人真事、海盗的传说和神话。如果你见过没看过海盗题材电影,或者没读过海盗内容书籍的人,那才是怪事一桩。有意思的是,大多数人对真正的海盗历史和海盗行为所存在的时间都知之不多,或根本就不了解。

 

     系列故事片《加勒比海盗》上映后,出现了杰克船长(Captain Jack Sparrow)形象大流行的现象,促使很多人组织海盗派对、穿着海盗衣服、大讲海盗黑话,对这些被媒体炒作得栩栩如生、在海上纵横驰骋长达千年历史的人物角色,更是极尽学习仿效之能事。

 

     海盗现象由来已久。数百年来,世界上的任何大洋和公海,只要是船只所能到达的地方,就有海盗的踪迹。早在埃及法老阿赫那吞时期(公元前1350年),就已有这样的记载:有不明国籍、不悬挂盟旗的船只,在海上从事掠夺性袭击活动。希腊、罗马在其帝国扩张思想大行其道期间,在跨越重洋入侵他国领土的航线上,也不得不面对海盗的肆虐。

 

     据说,第一个给海盗现象下定义的是古希腊历史学家普鲁塔克(Plutarch),即海盗行为是指非法袭击轮船或沿海城镇,不具有战争性质,只以抢劫钱财为唯一目的的活动。

 

     我们今天所熟知的单词“pirate”或“pyrate”,大概是在公元前一世纪中期的时候,从罗马历史学家波利比乌斯(Polybius)首次使用的词“periato”演变而来的,意思是“海洋掠夺者”。

 

     有意思的是,在第九、十和十一世纪期间十分猖獗的诺斯(Norse)强盗并不叫做海盗,而叫做“维京人”(Vikings)和丹麦强盗(Danes)。

 

     公元十三世纪末,中国的中央政权经历了重大的政治变革,海盗行为也随之在东方盛行起来。明朝期间(1368-1668年),中国的海盗统治着中国海域。当时的(中国)海盗所用的船只非常庞大,足足可以承载300多人,在中国沿海城市猖狂掠夺,肆虐时间长达好几个世纪。

 

     当时,荷兰的东印度公司还想征用中国海盗来组建其私有武装船队,以帮助它实现对亚洲经济贸易的控制权。欧洲商人也在雅加达设立(武装)基地,招募中国海盗,为他们的利益扩张充当工具。中国海盗毕竟只为自身利益着想,于是到后来,他们干脆建立自己的贸易公司,变卖所掠夺的商品,所获取的钱财成倍增长。

 

     曾经名噪一方的巴巴利(Barbary)海岸线,从北非海岸到埃及西部边境再到大西洋地区,从16世纪中期到19世纪末期,一直都是海盗和反叛了的私人武装船队的天堂。巴巴利海盗曾让人闻风丧胆,常常受雇于穆斯林国家,在地中海地区对基督教国家的船只进行袭击。当时叫做克赛尔(Corsairs)的强盗,也许是北非海盗(Barbarossa)中最没名气的了,但即使是这帮海盗,也和阿尔及利亚和突尼斯联合起来,成立军事化国家,接受奥特曼回教派的统治,以维持其海盗收入。

 

     十七世纪八十年代到十八世纪三十年代是海盗的黄金时期,也是全世界海洋冒险家的新时代,他们的故事被拍成电影,被著书立传,神话和现实的界限模糊不清。杰克船长竟能和黑胡子大盗共顶一个蓝天,而彼得潘号的胡克船长看起来简直和摩尔根船长一样逼真。可是谁能真正说清楚谁是真人呢?

 

     今天,海盗仍然在公海为害四方,他们为了钱财而抢劫杀人。游轮如果离开佛罗里达沿海进入国际海域,就常常会遭到袭击。现在海盗还在中国海域、地中海以及印度洋的索马里海域横行霸道,他们有自己的联盟,不属于任何国家,每个月都在抢劫过往的船只。只要能够发财,海盗就会不停地在海上游弋,不停的寻找他们所需要的目标,继续抢夺轮船上的财宝。

 


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发表评论 评论 (27 个评论)

回复 helladise 2009-4-15 14:08
贴一下原文:

The origin and short history of pirates

The facts, legends and myths about pirates abounds from sea story to sea story. It is very unusual to meet anyone who has not seen a movie or read a book about pirates. Interestingly, most people know little or no history about real pirates and ages of piracy.

The appearance of the popular Captain Jack Sparrow in the movie series "Pirates of the Caribbean", has stimulated many people to have pirate parties, wear pirate attire, speak like a pirate and learn all they can about the media hyped colorful characters that have raided the oceans for 1,000's of years.

Piracy has been going on for centuries across the world in every ocean and open sea that vessels sailed. During the time of Egyptian Pharoah Akhenaten (1350 BC) written descriptions of plundering attacks were occurring by ships that bore no nations flag of allegiance. Both the Greeks and Romans faced pirates on the Mediterranean Sea when their empire expansionism took then across the water to foreign lands.

Plutarch (ancient Greek Historian) is said to have given the first definition of piracy as -'an illegal attack on a ship or coastal town, that was not of a warring nature, but for plunder of monetary gain alone'.

The word we know today as 'pirate' or 'pyrate' comes from the Roman historian Polybius around the mid 100 BC era, who used the word 'periato' to describe sea marauders.

It is interesting that Norse raiders of the 9th, 10th and 11th centuries were not called pirates, but rather 'Vikings' and 'Danes'.

Piracy seemed to rise in the orient at the time China was enduring great political change in their central power beginning at the end of the 13th century. During the Ming Dynasty(1368-1668) Chinese pirates ruled the China Sea. Pirates using huge ships that could carry over 300 men pillaged the China coastal cities for several centuries.

The Dutch East India Company tried to recruit Chinese pirates as privateers to help them control the Asian market trade. The European traders created a base in Jakarta and enlisted the Chinese pirates to help them expand their interests. Eventually the Chinese pirates, who were always out for their own self interests, formed their own trade companies and made double the money on their looted goods.

The notorious Barbary Coast, which ran from the coast of North Africa to the western border of Egypt to the Atlantic Ocean was a haven for renegade privateers and pirates from the mid 1500's through the late 1800's. Barbary pirates were a fearsome group often "hired" by Muslim nations to attack Christians ships in the Mediterranean region. Known as corsairs, perhaps the most infamous Barbary Coast pirate was Barbarossa, who united Algeria and Tunisia as military states under the Ottoman sultanate and maintained his revenues by piracy.

The Golden Age of Pirates, 1680 - 1730's, is the era of new world maritime adventurers,who movies and books have been made and written about, where myth and truth blur. Jack Sparrow co-exists with Blackbeard and Captain Hook of "Peter Pan" seems as real as Captain Morgan, but can you really say who really existed?

Pirates still sail the high seas today raiding and killing for money and booty. Yachts are often attacked off the Florida coast when they enter international water. Pirates still sail regions of the China Seas and Mediterranean Sea, owing their allegiance to no nation and robbing many private vessels every month. As long as there is money to be made, pirates will sail the seas seeking victims from whom they can relieve of their treasure.
回复 FORceWEapon 2009-4-15 14:12
小海盗出来的好,俺们乘机去了两个编队到阿三家门口~~~
回复 helladise 2009-4-15 14:15
FORceWEapon: 小海盗出来的好,俺们乘机去了两个编队到阿三家门口~~~
诶,上次网上有索马里海盗集团的招聘启示,韦兄可以去试试了。
回复 FORceWEapon 2009-4-15 14:32
helladise: 诶,上次网上有索马里海盗集团的招聘启示,韦兄可以去试试了。
那不行,俺旱鸭子一个~~~ ╮(╯_╰)╭ 没折~~
休想淹死俺~18年前不行,今后更没这种可能~~~
回复 helladise 2009-4-15 14:44
FORceWEapon: 那不行,俺旱鸭子一个~~~ ╮(╯_╰)╭ 没折~~
休想淹死俺~18年前不行,今后更没这种可能~~~
你放心好了,加入了索氏集团公司,比淹死几率更高的是中流弹而亡。不会那么容易淹死的。~\(≧▽≦)/~啦啦啦
回复 FORceWEapon 2009-4-15 14:49
helladise: 你放心好了,加入了索氏集团公司,比淹死几率更高的是中流弹而亡。不会那么容易淹死的。~\(≧▽≦)/~啦啦啦
。。。豁出去了!
走! 陪你去看流弹雨 落在这地球上 让你的泪落在我肩膀~~~
回复 helladise 2009-4-15 14:51
FORceWEapon: 。。。豁出去了!
走! 陪你去看流弹雨 落在这地球上 让你的泪落在我肩膀~~~
看!我就说你很有潜力加入索氏集团的么~好好发展啊,空间很大的!我就不陪你去看流弹雨了,妖命要紧。
回复 FORceWEapon 2009-4-15 14:55
helladise: 看!我就说你很有潜力加入索氏集团的么~好好发展啊,空间很大的!我就不陪你去看流弹雨了,妖命要紧。
是俺陪你,不是你陪俺~~~
这话听着咋。。。
是俺和谐你,不是你和谐俺~~~这样更显妖气!
回复 helladise 2009-4-15 14:57
FORceWEapon: 是俺陪你,不是你陪俺~~~
这话听着咋。。。
是俺和谐你,不是你和谐俺~~~这样更显妖气!
“你,已经被河蟹了!”
——参见咖啡日语论坛中ID为“大水”的人的签名图。
回复 FORceWEapon 2009-4-15 15:06
helladise: “你,已经被河蟹了!”
——参见咖啡日语论坛中ID为“大水”的人的签名图。
独家披露最新版:是俺河蟹你~~
回复 helladise 2009-4-15 15:09
FORceWEapon: 独家披露最新版:是俺河蟹你~~
嗯,俺河蟹你。
回复 FORceWEapon 2009-4-15 15:12
helladise: 嗯,俺河蟹你。
走,咱们去河蟹好不好~~
回复 helladise 2009-4-15 15:19
FORceWEapon: 走,咱们去河蟹好不好~~
不好,咱俩人就不河蟹了。
回复 FORceWEapon 2009-4-15 15:26
helladise: 不好,咱俩人就不河蟹了。
那海蟹如何?索马里渔场现在空得很~~
回复 helladise 2009-4-15 15:41
FORceWEapon: 那海蟹如何?索马里渔场现在空得很~~
切,我还大闸蟹呢~
回复 FORceWEapon 2009-4-15 15:45
helladise: 切,我还大闸蟹呢~
这可是你自己说的,下次就叫你大闸蟹了~~
回复 helladise 2009-4-15 15:47
FORceWEapon: 这可是你自己说的,下次就叫你大闸蟹了~~
大闸蟹是benspring,不信你去论坛上搜ID。
我是黑山老妖。
回复 FORceWEapon 2009-4-15 15:51
helladise: 大闸蟹是benspring,不信你去论坛上搜ID。
我是黑山老妖。
。。。老实交待:你跟benspring是什么关系!
回复 helladise 2009-4-15 16:00
FORceWEapon: 。。。老实交待:你跟benspring是什么关系!
同是咖啡日语论坛的会员关系。
和你有啥关系?
回复 FORceWEapon 2009-4-15 16:04
helladise: 同是咖啡日语论坛的会员关系。
和你有啥关系?
老实点!我们已经掌握了你们@#的细节!还不争取坦白从宽!
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